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The role adipose tissue in development of insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders in patients with pheochromocytoma
Klímová, Judita ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kříž, Jan (referee) ; Mlíková Seidlerová, Jitka (referee)
Pheochromocytoma and functional paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors characterized by catecholamines overproduction, which give a rise to disorders of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. The role of adipose tissue in these processes remains unclear. Our aim was to determine the gene expression profile in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of patients with PPGL focusing on endocrine functions of adipose tissue, occurrence of brown (BAT) and beige adipose tissue (BeAT), all in connection with other measured metabolic and energy parameters and levels of circulating adipokines. We demonstrate signs of UCP1-dependent norepinephrine induced thermogenesis connected with overexpression of DIO2 in retroperitoneal VAT of PPGL and higher expression of key transcriptional factors of brown/beige adipogenesis, namely PPARGC1α, CEBPB and PRDM16. However, classic murine BAT or BeAT gene signature in VAT of PPGL was not detected. In subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of PPGL we found signs of possible BeAT transformation, however without simultaneously undergoing UCP1-dependent thermogenesis. We also demonstrate that patients with PPGL have higher serum levels of FGF21 compared to healthy controls and these levels do not differ from obese patients. Furthermore, successful tumor removal...
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Metabolic specifics of women with a positive history of gestational diabetes
Jarošová, Adéla ; Vejražková, Daniela (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a disorder of glucose metabolism arising for the first time in pregnancy and spontaneously receding after birth. The issue of GDM is very topical since, according to the latest update of diagnostic criteria, up to 17% of pregnant women is threatened by this disorder. The incidence of GDM correlates with the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. It is proved that women who have had gestational diabetes have an enormously increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2T). The risk accosiated with a gestational diabetes pregnancy stretches beyond the host, and can affect the fetus both directly (e. g. macrosomia development), and epigenetically (increases susceptibility to obesity, DM2T development or cardiovascular disease). Significant influence on the development of GDM (or DM2T) is a body composition that is directly related to lifestyle (nutritional intake and physical activity) and genetic role i salso involved. Early intervention may help delay the risk of developing DM2T and other metabolic complications. In this diploma thesis we monitored metabolic profiles of glucose and lipids and body composition based on anthropometric examination and questionnaires of nutritional income and physical activity. For the complex...
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Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Various Sleep Disorders
Vimmerová-Lattová, Zuzana ; Anders, Martin (advisor) ; Praško, Ján (referee) ; Šonka, Karel (referee)
Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Various Sleep Disorders MUDr. Zuzana Vimmerová Lattová Abstract: Recent epidemiological and experimental data suggest a negative influence of shortened or disturbed night sleep on glucose tolerance. However, no comparative studies of glucose metabolism have been conducted in clinical sleep disorders. Dysfunction of the HPA axis may play a causative role in some sleep disorders and in other sleep disorders it may be secondary to the sleep disorder. Moreover, dysfunction of the HPA axis is regarded as a possible causative factor for the impaired glucose sensitivity associated with disturbed sleep. However, data on HPA system activity in sleep disorders are sparse and conflicting. We studied 25 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, 18 restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients, 21 patients with primary insomnia and compared them to 33 healthy controls. We performed oral glucose tolerance test and assessed additional parameters of glucose metabolism. The dynamic response of the HPA system was assessed by the DEX-CRH-test which combines suppression (dexamethasone) and stimulation (CRH) of the stress hormone system. Compared to controls, increased rates of impaired glucose tolerance were found in OSA (OR: 4.9) and RLS (OR: 4.7), but not in primary insomnia. In addition, HbA1c...
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Diabetes mellitus-a study of causes and its distribution in the population
Aksamitová, Dagmar ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis Diabetes mellitus – study of causes and its distribution in the population in the theoretical part deals with the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus, the basic division, characteristics, causes, prevention, and compliance regimen for patients with this diagnosis. It also deals with the problems of late specific and non-specific diseases and consequently its treatment. The aim of the study was the work of monitoring the various influences on the development of diabetes mellitus in a population survey of the knowledge and appreciation of a given topic using different sources of information. The practical part is the analysis of the data and their statistical evaluation regarding the development of diabetes type 1 and 2 specific medical facility in a fifteen-year period from 1999 to 2012 with random monitored years.
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Role of extracellular adenosine in Drosophila
FENCKOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis describes several aspects of the role for extracellular adenosine in Drosophila. Reverse genetic, molecular and microscopic methods together with the most forefront Drosophila research techniques have been applied to elucidate the role of adenosine signaling in the regulation of development, physiology and metabolism of Drosophila larvae. The thesis helps to establish the model for extracellular adenosine as a stress-signal for the release of energy stores. It also describes the elucidation of Drosophila extracellular adenosine production pathway by functional characterization of extracellular ATP/adenosine converting enzymes. Further, this thesis describes the attempt to study adenosine signaling by creation of tissue specific knock-down mutation of Drosophila adenosine receptor. Finally, it provides results of the utilization of in vivo fluorescent reporters for studying of the localization, function and interaction of enzymes implicated in adenosine signaling pathway.
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